Polarization is crucial in various fields such as imaging, sensing, and substance detection. A compact, fast, and accurate polarization detection device is vital for these applications. Herein, we demonstrate a multifocus metalens for terahertz polarization detection that requires only a single measurement to obtain complete polarization parameters and reconstruct the polarization state of the incident field. The individual subarrays of this metalens convert each of the six polarized components into the same polarization, which in turn links the Stokes parameters to these six foci. The incident linear polarizations and elliptical polarizations are characterized by Stokes parameters and polarization ellipses. Simulations and experimental results show that the scheme can accurately detect the incident polarization with a single measurement. The proposed metasurface polarimetry may find applications in the fields of real-time terahertz detection and integrated optics.

Unlike conventional topological edge states confined at a domain wall between two topologically distinct media, the recently proposed large-area topological waveguide states in three-layer heterostructures, which consist of a domain featuring Dirac points sandwiched between two domains of different topologies, have introduced the mode width degree of freedom for more flexible manipulation of electromagnetic waves. Until now, the experimental realizations of photonic large-area topological waveguide states have been exclusively based on quantum Hall and quantum valley-Hall systems. We propose a new way to create large-area topological waveguide states based on the photonic quantum spin-Hall system and observe their unique feature of pseudo-spin-momentum-locking unidirectional propagation for the first time in experiments. Moreover, due to the new effect provided by the mode width degree of freedom, the propagation of these large-area quantum spin-Hall waveguide states exhibits unusually strong robustness against defects, e.g., large voids with size reaching several unit cells, which has not been reported previously. Finally, practical applications, such as topological channel intersection and topological energy concentrator, are further demonstrated based on these novel states. Our work not only completes the last member of such states in the photonic quantum Hall, quantum valley-Hall, and quantum spin-Hall family, but also provides further opportunities for high-capacity energy transport with tunable mode width and exceptional robustness in integrated photonic devices and on-chip communications.

为实现高效太赫兹调控，迫切需要一种高效且成本低的材料。新型钙钛矿材料由于其优异的光电特性，加上钙钛矿制备工艺简单、可大批量生产等优点，非常适合作为太赫兹超材料的活性材料，通过外部激励改变活性材料的属性，可灵活调控太赫兹波。因此，选择新型钙钛矿材料外加光场调控太赫兹，分析在光场作用前（绝缘态）和在光场作用后（金属态）两种状态对单元结构太赫兹宽波段下幅值和相位的影响。设计出光场灵活调控的钙钛矿基1 bit太赫兹编码超表面结构，该结构由有机无机杂化钙钛CH₃NH₃PbI₃（MAPbI₃）、聚酰亚胺和铝构成。通过CST仿真结果显示，该超表面结构在光场的调控下能够实现宽谱（0.1、1、2、6 THz）太赫兹波的180°相位差变化，经过超表面编码结构的设计，同一编码序列实现远场波束的变换。研究结果表明，基于光场操控钙钛矿材料的编码超表面为实现灵活的太赫兹波调控提供了新的思路，在太赫兹通信、安检、生物医学成像等方面具有巨大的应用潜力。

The manipulation and detection of polarization states play a crucial role in the application of 6G terahertz communication. Nonetheless, the development of compact and versatile polarization detection devices capable of detecting arbitrary polarizations continues to be a challenging endeavor. Here, we demonstrate a terahertz polarization detection scheme by performing mode purity analysis and multidimensional analysis of the transmitted vortex field. The power of the proposed polarization recognition is verified by using three polarization trajectories, including linear polarizations, circular polarizations, and elliptical polarizations. Using the reconstructed complete polarization parameters, the detected polarization states are characterized using polarization ellipses, Poincaré sphere, and full-Stokes parameters. The experimental results validate the power of this scheme in polarization detection. This scheme holds promise for applications in polarization imaging and terahertz communication.